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Mark Moxon's Annapurna Circuit Experience
Nepal freaked me out instantly, in much the same way the
cool, silent night air does as you leave the rock concert, ears still ringing.
Compared to the hustle and bustle of India, Nepal felt like a quiet backwater:
the fact that I had to put my watch forward by exactly fifteen minutes at the
border only emphasised the differences between India and the kingdom of
mountains to the north.
Even the long bus ride from the Indian border at Sunauli to
the mountain town of Pokhara was easy, and the loud horns so ubiquitous in
India were conspicuous by their absence. As I recalled the admonition that
after India anywhere would appear mundane, I realised that mundane isn't always
so bad; after all, sitting in a comfy chair in front of the fire and flicking
channels is pretty mundane, but after a long day trekking through the fire and
ice of the real world, it's a dream.
Indeed trekking was my goal in Nepal, and that's why I
headed straight for Pokhara instead of Kathmandu. The Annapurna Conservation
Area to the north of Pokhara, itself in the western half of Nepal, contains
some of the most dramatic trekking on this planet, and I had my sights firmly
fixed on the three-week Annapurna Circuit, a circular route that crosses a very
high pass, trundles down the deepest gorge in the world, and provides mountain
views to stifle breath that's already short in the high altitude of the
Himalayas. After beaches, rainforests, deserts, volcanoes and glaciers, it was
time for the big cheese.
The Himalayas are, of course, huge, but reading about them
is considerably different from experiencing them first hand. On a trek like
this there are not only the usual walkers' concerns of blisters, twisted
ankles, upset stomachs and sunburn, but also Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), an
ailment brought on by high altitude that is fatal if unchecked, and still
claims trekkers' lives today. On the surface, the Annapurna Circuit sounds like
the biggest challenge of them all.
It isn't all challenge, though, and this is a major part of
its appeal. Unlike most of the trekking I'd done up to this point, you don't
need to carry food because you stop in villages along the way, staying in the local
hotels. This also means you don't need to carry a tent, cooker, fuel or any of
the other niceties associated with self-sufficient tramping, leaving the pack
pleasantly light and the accommodation comfortable. On a three-week trek this
is a godsend: the thought of a pack laden with 21 days of survival gear is
enough to make most people's knees spring a leak in sympathy.
It also meant that I had to reappraise my attitude towards
tramping. So often I have been on tramps that require serious effort and long
days to get to destinations – Taman Negara, Hollyford-Pyke, Gunung Rinjani to
name but three – that I've developed a bit of an attitude problem. I like to go
fast, to push myself, to get fit, to be first at the destination, and in
Annapurna this isn't just a waste of the ambience of the village inns and the
beauty of the mountain views, it's foolhardy. One way to avoid AMS is to
acclimatise slowly to altitude, so hooning up the peaks is simply dumb.
Altitude soon altered my attitude.
Annapurna Statistics
Relaxing along the way – there's absolutely no point in
rushing
The Annapurna Circuit is basically a loop, normally walked
anti-clockwise, that circles round the east-west Annapurna mountain range,
starting and ending at Pokhara to the south of the range. These mountains are
huge, the tallest, Annapurna I, reaching 8091m (26545 ft), a height approaching
that of Everest's 8848m (29028 ft). The track doesn't quite reach such dizzying
heights, but the 202km (125 mile) walk has a fairly hefty high point at its
northern tip: the Thorung La pass, at 5416m (17769 ft) just under two-thirds of
Everest's altitude. The highest I had ever been before tackling the Annapurna
track was 3726m (12224 ft) on Lombok's Gunung Rinjani, but the Thorung La pass
is nearly half as high again, and it feels it.
The pass neatly slices the track into two halves: from
Pokhara to Thorung Phedi, which takes you up to the east side of the pass; and
the track from Muktinath back down to Pokhara on the west side of the pass,
popularly known as the Jomsom Trek and commonly walked by those unwilling to
tackle the pass.
In 1993/4, 5898 walkers headed up the eastern side; in the
first half of 1997, 18.1 per cent of those walkers were from the UK, 11.4 per
cent from Germany, 11.3 per cent from the US and 9.7 per cent from France.
Conversely, on the western side there were 15822 walkers in 1996/7, of which
13.7 per cent were from the UK, 12.7 per cent from Germany, 10.5 per cent from
France and 9.2 per cent from the US. The pass sure puts people off, and because
the west side is more luxurious than the east, hardly anyone just does the
east, as shown by the fact that there are three times as many walkers on the
Jomsom as on the Circuit.
And those walkers doing the whole Circuit will pass through
73 villages in 90 hours of walking, with 540 hotels to choose from with a total
of 5218 beds. Annapurna means business.
Annapurna Trekking
and AMS
Nepalese prayer wheels, which you spin round to send a
prayer up to heaven
'A lover without indiscretion is no lover at all' read the
poster in the tea shop a few days into the trail, and the total nonsense of the
message seemed quite in keeping with the contradictions I saw around me.
Slashing a route through the deepest mountain valleys, the Annapurna Circuit
passes through villages that used to be almost invisible, but which now sport
signs in English, shops selling western luxuries, hotels with hot showers and
even international telephone booths for those people who can't resist intruding
on the outside world. The Annapurna Circuit isn't known as the Apple Pie Trail
and the Coca-Cola Circuit for nothing.
This type of trekking has its ups and downs in more than
just the literal sense. The impact of tourism on this erstwhile netherworld is
plain to see: piles of bottles lie cracking in the searing sun, candy wrappers
litter a number of the paths and the local culture is hard to separate from the
service industries of hotel and restaurant. On the plus side, though, income is
higher, ecological awareness is increasing, and the litter problem is nothing
compared to India or Indonesia, an impressive feat when you consider the sheer
numbers of people involved.
The Circuit also has an image problem among hardcore
trekkers, who see it as more of a long stroll than a serious challenge.
Trekkers who are more at home in waist-deep swamps and leech-infested tropical
rainforests call it the 'milk and honey trek' because of all the luxuries you
encounter on the way – shops, real beds, bottled water and so on – and indeed
Peter, with whom I'd trekked in Sulawesi, had described the Circuit as more of
a collection of day walks than a real trek. In a sense he was right because
most of the days are fairly short in terms of time and distance, but I would
dismiss the comments of the walking junkies completely: I found the Annapurna
Circuit a phenomenal challenge, though perhaps for different reasons than
normal.
With such a walk one doesn't walk alone, even if one
initially sets out on a solo trek. The groups I joined kept changing as various
people went at different speeds or succumbed to the demands of the trek, but
the main people were spot on. There were Clare and Anne, sisters from
Vancouver; Jakob from Denmark; Bob from Cleveland, Ohio, a veteran 13-year
traveller; Sheldon from Australia; and a whole spectrum of other characters to
liven the mix. Sharing walks, something I tend not to do, is a good thing when
your nightly stops are in hotels, and it struck me early on that Annapurna was
made to be shared.
Another thing to share is paranoia about AMS. If you could
take a man from sea level and transport him to the top of Everest1 then he
would be in a coma after two minutes, and dead after four. The reason is a
combination of the lack of oxygen and the low atmospheric pressure at that
height; on Thorung La the atmospheric pressure is half that of sea level, and
the partial pressure of oxygen (i.e. the amount of oxygen in the air) is a
third of that at sea level, as oxygen is heavier than nitrogen. The result is
that without slow acclimatisation people can die from AMS on the Annapurna
Circuit, and they do, although not in high numbers (about one in 30,000
trekkers).
This sort of challenge provides an astounding amount of food
for thought for trekkers whiling away the hours in their hotel restaurants. In
a display of group psychosis that is rarely seen outside village gossip groups,
AMS became the subject of the moment. Every other question seemed to be 'Do you
have a headache? Are you on Diamox? How many acclimatisation walks have you
done today?' It would have been boring if there hadn't been so many conflicting
opinions as to the truth behind AMS.
AMS is still a bit of a mystery, even though scientists know
exactly why it happens and how to prevent it. The difficulty is that everyone
seems to react differently to increased altitude: some might be able to go all
the way from 300m to 5500m in a day without any symptoms, and some will die if
they do the same. The guidelines are simple, though: when you get to 3000m you
should only ascend 300m in each day, you should try to go on an acclimatisation
walk to a higher point than your sleeping height, and at the sign of any
symptoms you should stop ascending and, if they don't go away or get worse, go
down. Descent2 is the only cure, and the recommended drug, Diamox, is only an
aid to quicker acclimatisation, not a cure.
It's even trickier, though, because the symptoms of AMS are
a headache, reduced appetite and nausea, a loss of good humour, a congestive
cough, and in serious AMS, ataxia (wobbly legs) and vomiting. These symptoms
are fairly common on all long walks, with their exhausting days, uncomfortable
beds and dubious food, so the paranoia runs rife, and with the temperatures
well below freezing on the higher parts of the track, you have to wonder if
your headache is from the icy blasts of wind freezing your ears off, or genuine
AMS.
But what a beautiful place to walk...
1 This is currently impossible because helicopters don't
have enough air at that height to operate and aeroplanes can't land on craggy
peaks.
2 Thanks to Milton Lever, who posted to my Guestbook to say,
'There is a dusty road to Jomsom now, used daily by a few jeeps. If you get
sick, you can escape by jeep.' That's good news for AMS sufferers, just as long
as they're on the western side of the pass.
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